Abstract—The purpose of this research is to determine the frictional characteristics of human ocular surfaces. An ocular surface tribometer was developed to measure the normal forces, frictional forces, and velocities of the probe on human ocular surfaces simultaneously. In this research, the measurement on six trial subjects was performed with the developed ocular surface tribometer. In addition, a mathematical model was proposed to describe the frictional coefficient of the human ocular surface. The frictional characteristic curves were found by using the computational program employing BSG-Starcraft of PSO and LSM developed by the authors in the previous research. It was possible to classify the frictional characteristics of human ocular surfaces into three types.

Index Terms—Dry eye, frictional characteristic, ocular surface tribometer, particle swarm optimization.

Sarwo Pranoto is with Ehime University, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Course, Matsuyama, Japan. He is also with Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang, Department of Electrical Engineering, Makassar, Indonesia (email: c861004y@mails.cc.ehime-u.ac.jp).
Shingo Okamoto, Ryoichiro Kataoka, Jae Hoon Lee are with Ehime University, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Course, Matsuyama, Japan.
Atsushi Shiraishi, Yuri Sakane, Yuichi Ohash are with Ehime University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Toon, Japan.
Masahiko Yamaguchi is with Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, Kasuga-tyo 83, Matsuyama, Japan.

Cite: Sarwo Pranoto, Shingo Okamoto, Ryoichiro Kataoka, Jae Hoon Lee, Atsushi Shiraishi, Yuri Sakane, Masahiko Yamaguchi, Yuichi Ohashi, "Development of Ocular Surface Tribometer and Frictional Characteristics of Human Ocular Surface," International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 89-99, 2018.