Abstract—Soft-body invertebrates, such as sponges are physically-weak organisms; however they mostly survive for thousands of years. This is due to the fact that they are capable of defending themselves from predators by releasing toxic substances as their secondary metabolites against the predators. These compounds are highly potential for medicine such as anti-microbial, anti-cancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Large quantities of sponges are needed to produce bioactive compounds as their secondary metabolites could only be gotten in small amount. This could provoke the sea-sponge over exploitation. Cultured sponges could be one of the alternatives to prevent excessive natural sea-sponge exploitation. However, it is still unclear whether the cultured sponge has similar bioactivity as compared to the natural sponge. The purposes of this research were to extract secondary metabolites from natural and cultured sea-sponges (Haliclona molitba and Stylotella aurantium), and to evaluate their antimicrobial, hemolysis, and hemagglutination activities. Aquadest and methanol were used as solvents on this research. The method used to determine the antimicrobial activity was the round disc diffusion. Hemolysis and hemagglutination assays utilized red blood from Deutsch Democratic Yokohama (DDY) mice. Hemagglutination and hemolysis results were measured with a microplate reader. The extraction yield of natural sponge was not significantly different from cultured ones. The aqueous extract resulted higher yield than methanolic extract. As antimicrobial activity, Bacillus cereus was the most sensitive against the crude extract from the natural and cultured sponges among all tested bacteria. Although both types of sponges did not show hemolysis activity, they showed hemagglutination activity.

Index Terms—Antimicrobial, cultured sponge, Haliclona molitba, hemagglutination, hemolysys, and Stylotella aurantium.

The authors are with R. A. Hutagalung is with the Faculty of Biotechnology, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jend. Sudirman Street No.51, Jakarta 12930 (e-mail: rory.hutagalung@atmajaya.ac.id, vicz_2709@yahoo.co.id, myra.kittikat@gmail.com, vivitri.dewi@atmajaya.ac.id, noryawati@atmajaya.ac.id).

 

Cite: Rory Anthony Hutagalung, Victor, Myra Karjadidjaja, Vivitri Dewi Prasasty, and Noryawati Mulyono, "Extraction and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Cultured and Natural Sponge, Haliclona molitba and Stylotella aurantium Origin of Indonesia," International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 14-18, 2014.