Abstract—The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of plaque shape on blood flow through the carotid artery leading to plaque growth and rupture. For this purpose three plaque shapes were considered; trapezoidal, elliptical and triangular with same base and height measurements, thus imposing same area reduction of 30% in artery. A carotid artery model based on statistical analysis called tuning fork model was constructed. Various Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed to analyze the effect of different plaque shapes on blood flow. Comparison of simulation results for the three plaque shapes showed that trapezoidal shape has more effect on blood flow producing highest flow velocities and wall shear stresses. This fact indicates that plaques similar to trapezoidal shape may be more prone to rupture. It was also found that trapezoidal plaques created lowest wall shear stress region downstream of the plaque which may increase the fatty deposits in that area. The study suggests that patients with such plaques should be considered for surgery at an early stage of atherosclerosis to avoid cardiovascular complications.

Index Terms—Atherosclerosis, computational fluid dynamics, plaques shape, stroke, wall shear stress.

A. U. Jabbar is with the Research Center for Modeling and Simulation (RCMS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan (email: absaar@rcms.nust.edu.pk, absaar468@gmail.com ).
R. U. Ali was with the RCMS, NUST. He is now with the Aligarh College, Lahore, Pakistan.
K. Parvez and U. H. K Niazi are with the RCMS, NUST.

Cite: Absaar Ul Jabbar, Rana Usman Ali, Khalid Parvez, and Umar H. K. Niazi, "Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis of Pulsatile Blood Flow around Different Plaque Shapes in Human Carotid Artery," International Journal of Bioscience, Biochemistry and Bioinformatics vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 305-308, 2012.